@import url("https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=IBM+Plex+Sans:ital,wght@0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;1,400&display=swap");

:root {
  /* Type scale shared with the HOTSPOT project site */
  --text-2xs: 0.74rem;
  --text-xs: 0.84rem;
  --text-sm: 0.96rem;
  --text-base: 1rem;
  --text-lg: 1.18rem;
  --text-xl: 1.55rem;
  --text-2xl: clamp(2.2rem, 3.2vw, 3.2rem);
  --text-hero: clamp(2.6rem, 4.8vw, 4.3rem);
  --text: #20242a;
  --muted: #66707a;
  --accent: #294e6b;
  --border: #dfe3e6;
  --surface: #f6f7f8;
  --max-width: 1040px;
  --sans: "IBM Plex Sans", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }

html { background: #fff; }

body {
  min-height: 100vh;
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  color: var(--text);
  background: #fff;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: var(--text-base);
  line-height: 1.55;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

a { color: var(--accent); text-underline-offset: 3px; }
a:hover { color: #16364e; }
img { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
.container { width: min(var(--max-width), calc(100% - 48px)); margin-inline: auto; }

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  top: 10px;
  left: 10px;
  z-index: 10;
  padding: 8px 12px;
  color: #fff;
  background: var(--text);
  transform: translateY(-150%);
}
.skip-link:focus { transform: none; }

.site-header { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); background: #fff; }
.header-inner { min-height: 74px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 32px; }
.site-name { color: var(--text); font-size: var(--text-base); font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: -.01em; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; }
.site-tabs { display: flex; align-items: stretch; align-self: stretch; gap: 26px; }
.site-tabs a { position: relative; display: flex; align-items: center; color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--text-xs); text-decoration: none; }
.site-tabs a:hover { color: var(--text); }
.site-tabs a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--text); font-weight: 600; }
.site-tabs a[aria-current="page"]::after { content: ""; position: absolute; right: 0; bottom: -1px; left: 0; height: 2px; background: var(--accent); }
.nav-toggle { display: none; align-items: center; gap: 8px; padding: 8px 11px; color: var(--text); background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 4px; font: 500 var(--text-xs)/1 var(--sans); cursor: pointer; }
.nav-toggle svg { width: 16px; height: 16px; fill: none; stroke: currentColor; stroke-width: 2; stroke-linecap: round; }
.nav-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] { border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--accent); }

main { flex: 1; }
.home-page { padding-block: 64px 96px; }
.home-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 220px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 48px; align-items: start; }
.side-card { position: sticky; top: 32px; }
.avatar { width: 180px; height: 180px; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 50%; object-fit: cover; }
.side-card h1 { margin: 18px 0 6px; font-size: var(--text-lg); font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: -.01em; line-height: 1.3; }
.side-role { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--text-xs); line-height: 1.5; }
.side-role + .side-role { margin-top: 4px; }
.profile-cv { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; margin-top: 18px; padding: 8px 12px; color: var(--accent); background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 4px; font-size: var(--text-xs); font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; }
.profile-cv svg { width: 16px; height: 16px; fill: none; stroke: currentColor; stroke-width: 1.8; stroke-linecap: round; stroke-linejoin: round; }
.profile-cv span { font-weight: 400; }
.profile-cv:hover, .profile-cv:focus-visible { color: var(--accent); background: var(--surface); border-color: var(--accent); }
.side-links { display: grid; gap: 9px; margin: 20px 0 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; font-size: var(--text-xs); }
.side-links li { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 9px; color: var(--muted); }
.side-links svg { flex: none; width: 15px; height: 15px; fill: none; stroke: currentColor; stroke-width: 1.8; stroke-linecap: round; stroke-linejoin: round; }
.side-links a { font-weight: 500; text-decoration: none; }
.side-links a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.home-main { max-width: none; }
.home-main .kicker { margin-bottom: 10px; }
.home-main h2 { margin: 0 0 18px; font-size: var(--text-xl); font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: -.01em; }
.home-main > p { margin: 0 0 16px; line-height: 1.65; }
.intro-group { margin: 18px 0 6px; font-size: var(--text-base); font-weight: 600; }
.intro-group a { color: var(--text); text-decoration: none; }
.intro-group a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: underline; }
.intro-list { margin: 0 0 16px; padding-left: 1.5em; line-height: 1.65; }
.intro-list li { margin-top: 8px; padding-left: 4px; }
.home-news { margin-top: 48px; }
.home-news h2 { margin-bottom: 14px; }
.home-news-list { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }
.home-news-list li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 84px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 16px; padding: 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); font-size: var(--text-sm); line-height: 1.55; }
.home-news-list time { color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--text-xs); padding-top: 2px; }
.home-news .text-link { margin-top: 14px; }
.kicker { margin: 0 0 14px; color: var(--accent); font-size: var(--text-2xs); font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; }
h1, h2, h3, p { overflow-wrap: break-word; }
h1, h2, h3, h4 { font-weight: 500; }
.page-heading h1 {
  margin: 0;
  color: #171a1f;
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: var(--text-hero);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -.035em;
  line-height: 1.05;
}

.content-page { padding-block: 72px 100px; }
.page-heading { max-width: 760px; margin-bottom: 48px; }
.page-heading h1 { font-size: var(--text-xl); font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: -.01em; line-height: 1.3; }
.page-heading > p:last-child { max-width: 700px; margin: 14px 0 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--text-base); }
.compact-heading { margin-bottom: 36px; }
.plain-button { display: inline-block; margin-top: 24px; padding: 9px 14px; color: var(--text); border: 1px solid #aeb5ba; border-radius: 3px; font-size: var(--text-xs); text-decoration: none; }
.plain-button:hover { color: #fff; background: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); }

.topic-list { border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }
.topic-list article { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 280px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 46px; padding: 30px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }
.topic-list h2, .background-section h2 { margin: 0; font: 500 var(--text-xl)/1.35 var(--sans); }
.topic-list p { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); }
.text-link { display: inline-block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: var(--text-xs); font-weight: 500; }
.link-separator { margin: 0 7px; color: var(--border); }
.research-intro { margin-bottom: 36px; }
.area-overview { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 16px; margin: 0 0 76px; }
.area-card { display: grid; align-content: start; gap: 8px; padding: 22px 24px; color: var(--text); text-decoration: none; background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 6px; }
.area-card:hover, .area-card:focus-visible { color: var(--text); border-color: var(--accent); }
.area-card strong { font-size: var(--text-lg); font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.3; }
.area-projects { color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--text-xs); line-height: 1.45; }
.research-area { padding-top: 26px; border-top: 2px solid var(--text); scroll-margin-top: 24px; }
.research-area + .research-area { margin-top: 84px; }
.area-heading { max-width: 780px; margin-bottom: 30px; }
.area-heading h2 { margin: 0; font-size: var(--text-xl); font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.3; letter-spacing: -.01em; }
.area-heading p:not(.kicker) { margin: 12px 0 0; color: var(--muted); }
.project-venues { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px; margin-bottom: 12px; }
.project-venues .venue-tag { margin: 0; }
.project-summary { margin: 8px 0 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--text-sm); }
.project-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 0 9px; margin: auto 0 0; padding-top: 18px; }
.bridge-label { margin: 0 0 10px; color: var(--accent); font-size: var(--text-2xs); font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.area-figure { margin: 0 0 22px; padding: 26px 26px 22px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 8px; }
.area-figure-scroll { overflow-x: auto; }
.area-diagram { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; font-family: var(--sans); }
.area-diagram a rect { transition: fill .15s ease; }
.area-diagram a:hover rect, .area-diagram a:focus-visible rect { fill: var(--surface); }
.area-diagram a:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 2px; }
.area-diagram--mobile { display: none; }
.project-bars { display: grid; gap: 12px; margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.project-bar { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 200px minmax(0, 1fr) 232px; grid-template-areas: "head body thumb"; gap: 10px 26px; align-items: start; padding: 16px 20px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-left: 3px solid var(--accent); border-radius: 6px; scroll-margin-top: 24px; }
.project-thumb { grid-area: thumb; margin: 0; }
.project-thumb a { display: block; aspect-ratio: 16 / 10; padding: 6px; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 4px; }
.project-thumb a:hover, .project-thumb a:focus-visible { border-color: var(--accent); }
.project-thumb img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: contain; }
.project-bar-head { grid-area: head; min-width: 0; }
.project-bar-body { grid-area: body; min-width: 0; }
.project-bar--bridge { border-left-color: #6a4a78; }
.project-bar--bridge .bridge-label { color: #6a4a78; margin-bottom: 6px; }
.project-bar:target { background: var(--surface); }
.project-bar h3 { margin: 0 0 8px; font: 500 var(--text-lg)/1.3 var(--sans); }
.project-bar .project-venues { margin-bottom: 0; }
.project-bar .project-summary { margin: 0; color: var(--text); font-size: var(--text-sm); }
.bar-stats { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px 22px; margin: 10px 0 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--text-xs); line-height: 1.4; }
.bar-stats strong { margin-right: 5px; color: var(--text); font-weight: 600; }
.project-bar .project-links { margin: 0; padding-top: 10px; }
.research-more { margin: 64px 0 0; }
.background-section { margin-top: 72px; }
.background-section > h2 { margin-bottom: 22px; font-size: var(--text-xl); }
.history-list { margin: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }
.history-list > div { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 150px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 28px; padding: 20px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }
.history-list dt { color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--text-xs); }
.history-list dd { margin: 0; }
.history-list strong, .history-list span { display: block; }
.history-list span { margin-top: 2px; color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--text-sm); }

.year-group { margin-top: 58px; }
.year-group > h2, .venue-index > h2 { margin: 0 0 12px; color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--text-xs); font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .06em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.publication-list { margin: 0; padding: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); list-style: none; }
.publication-list li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 112px minmax(0, 1fr); column-gap: 32px; padding: 24px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }
.publication-list li > .venue-tag { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; justify-self: start; align-self: start; margin: 4px 0 0; }
.publication-list li > :not(.venue-tag):not(.entry-meta) { grid-column: 2; }
.publication-list li > .entry-meta { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1 / span 4; align-self: start; display: grid; justify-items: start; gap: 5px; padding-top: 4px; }
.entry-meta .venue-tag { margin: 0; }
.entry-meta time { display: inline-block; padding: 1px 6px 2px; color: var(--muted); border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 3px; background: #fff; font-size: var(--text-2xs); font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.35; letter-spacing: .01em; white-space: nowrap; }
.publication-list h3 { margin: 0; font-family: inherit; font-size: var(--text-lg); font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.45; }
.publication-list h3 a { color: var(--text); text-decoration-color: #a6adb2; }
.publication-list h3 a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration-color: var(--accent); }
.publication-list p { margin: 6px 0 0; font-size: var(--text-xs); }
.publication-list .authors { color: #424951; }
.publication-list .venue { color: var(--muted); font-style: italic; }
.publication-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 0 9px; margin-top: 10px; font-style: normal; }
.publication-links a, .project-list .text-link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; }
.publication-links a { font-size: var(--text-xs); font-weight: 500; }
.publication-links a::before, .project-list .text-link::before { display: inline-block; flex: 0 0 auto; color: currentColor; }
.publication-links a:not([href*="github.io"]):not([href*="github.com"]):not([href*="youtube.com"])::before { content: ""; width: 10px; height: 13px; border: 1px solid currentColor; border-radius: 1px; background: linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor) 2px 4px / 6px 1px no-repeat, linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor) 2px 7px / 6px 1px no-repeat, linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor) 2px 10px / 4px 1px no-repeat; }
.publication-links a[href*="github.io"]::before, .project-list .text-link[href*="github.io"]::before { content: ""; width: 12px; height: 12px; border: 1px solid currentColor; border-radius: 50%; background: linear-gradient(currentColor, currentColor) center / 100% 1px no-repeat, linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 44%, currentColor 44% 56%, transparent 56%) center / 100% 100% no-repeat; }
.publication-links a[href*="github.com"]::before, .project-list .text-link[href*="github.com"]::before { content: "</>"; font: 600 var(--text-2xs)/1 ui-monospace, "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, monospace; letter-spacing: -.08em; }
.publication-links a[href*="youtube.com"]::before { content: ""; width: 0; height: 0; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 0 5px 9px; border-color: transparent transparent transparent currentColor; }
.publication-links span { color: var(--border); }
.publication-list li { scroll-margin-top: 24px; }
.publication-list li:target { background: var(--surface); box-shadow: -14px 0 0 var(--surface), 14px 0 0 var(--surface); }
.venue-tag { display: inline-block; margin: 0 8px 0 0; padding: 2px 7px 3px; border-radius: 3px; color: #fff; background: var(--tag-bg); font-size: var(--text-2xs); font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.35; letter-spacing: .01em; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: .16em; }
.venue-journal { --tag-bg: #2f6b4f; --tag-hover: #22503a; }
.venue-conference { --tag-bg: #294e6b; --tag-hover: #16364e; }
.news-paper { --tag-bg: #294e6b; --tag-hover: #16364e; }
.news-talk { --tag-bg: #6a4a78; --tag-hover: #53395e; }
.news-award { --tag-bg: #8a5a00; --tag-hover: #6e4800; }
.news-outreach { --tag-bg: #9b4a2c; --tag-hover: #7c3a22; }
a.venue-tag:hover, a.venue-tag:focus-visible { color: #fff; background: var(--tag-hover); }
.venue-index { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 112px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 32px; }
.venue-index > h2 { margin: 17px 0 0; }
.venue-groups { margin: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }
.venue-groups > div { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 110px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 20px; padding: 16px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }
.venue-groups dt { padding-top: 1px; font-size: var(--text-xs); font-weight: 500; }
.venue-groups dd { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 7px 0; margin: 0; }

.talk-list { margin: 0; padding: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); list-style: none; }
.talk-list li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 130px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 28px; padding: 24px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }
.talk-list time { color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--text-xs); }
.talk-list h2 { margin: 0; font: 500 var(--text-lg)/1.45 var(--sans); }
.talk-list p { margin: 5px 0 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--text-xs); }

.section-title { margin: 0 0 22px; font-size: var(--text-xl); font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.3; }
.student-list { border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }
.student-card { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 250px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 44px; padding: 28px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }
.student-person h3 { margin: 0; font-size: var(--text-base); font-weight: 500; }
.student-person h3 a { color: var(--text); text-decoration-color: #a6adb2; }
.student-person h3 a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration-color: var(--accent); }
.student-person p { margin: 5px 0 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--text-xs); line-height: 1.5; }
.student-papers ul { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.student-papers li + li { margin-top: 16px; }
.student-papers li > a, .student-papers .paper-title { color: var(--text); font-size: var(--text-sm); font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.45; }
.student-papers li > a { text-decoration-color: #a6adb2; }
.student-papers li > a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration-color: var(--accent); }
.student-papers li > span:last-child { display: block; margin-top: 4px; color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--text-xs); }
.student-label { margin: 0 0 9px; color: var(--accent); font-size: var(--text-2xs); font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .07em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.mentoring-topics { margin-top: 72px; }
.mentoring-topics .topic-list { border-top: 0; }


.contact-cards { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 16px; margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.contact-card { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 44px minmax(0, 1fr); column-gap: 16px; row-gap: 2px; align-items: start; height: 100%; padding: 22px 24px; color: var(--text); text-decoration: none; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 6px; transition: border-color .15s ease, background-color .15s ease; }
.contact-card:hover, .contact-card:focus-visible { color: var(--text); background: var(--surface); border-color: var(--accent); }
.contact-card-icon { grid-row: 1 / span 3; display: grid; place-items: center; width: 44px; height: 44px; color: var(--accent); background: #eef2f6; border-radius: 50%; }
.contact-card-icon svg { width: 22px; height: 22px; }
.contact-card-label { color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--text-2xs); font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.contact-card-value { font-size: var(--text-lg); font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.35; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.contact-card-action { margin-top: 6px; color: var(--accent); font-size: var(--text-xs); font-weight: 500; }
.contact-card:hover .contact-card-action { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }

.site-footer { border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }
.footer-inner { min-height: 76px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 24px; color: var(--muted); font-size: var(--text-xs); }
.footer-inner a { color: var(--muted); }

.error-page { flex: 1; display: grid; place-items: center; padding: 40px 24px; text-align: center; }
.error-page h1 { margin: 0; font: 500 var(--text-hero)/1.05 var(--sans); }
.error-page p { color: var(--muted); }

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .project-bar { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 200px; grid-template-areas: "head thumb" "body thumb"; }
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .contact-cards { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .container { width: min(100% - 32px, var(--max-width)); }
  .header-inner { position: relative; min-height: 60px; gap: 16px; }
  .nav-toggle { display: inline-flex; }
  .site-tabs { display: none; position: absolute; top: calc(100% - 6px); right: 0; z-index: 20; min-width: 180px; flex-direction: column; align-self: auto; gap: 0; padding: 6px 0; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(32, 36, 42, .10); }
  .site-tabs.is-open { display: flex; }
  .site-tabs a { min-height: 42px; padding: 0 16px; white-space: nowrap; }
  .site-tabs a[aria-current="page"] { background: var(--surface); }
  .site-tabs a[aria-current="page"]::after { display: none; }
  .home-page { padding-block: 48px 72px; }
  .home-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 40px; }
  .home-news-list li { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2px; }
  .side-card { position: static; }
  .avatar { width: 150px; height: 150px; }
  .content-page { padding-block: 54px 72px; }
  .page-heading { margin-bottom: 40px; }
  .topic-list article, .year-group, .talk-list li, .student-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 16px; }
  .history-list > div, .venue-groups > div { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 4px; }
  .year-group { margin-top: 44px; }
  .venue-index { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 12px; }
  .area-overview { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .area-overview { margin-bottom: 56px; }
  .research-area + .research-area { margin-top: 64px; }
  .area-figure { padding: 12px; }
  .area-diagram--desktop { display: none; }
  .area-diagram--mobile { display: block; max-width: 400px; margin-inline: auto; }
  .project-bar { grid-template-columns: 104px minmax(0, 1fr); grid-template-areas: "thumb head" "body body"; gap: 14px 16px; padding: 16px 18px; }
  .project-thumb a { aspect-ratio: 1 / 1; padding: 4px; }
  .venue-index > h2 { margin: 0; }
  .publication-list li { grid-template-columns: 1fr; row-gap: 8px; }
  .publication-list li > :not(.venue-tag):not(.entry-meta) { grid-column: auto; }
  .publication-list li > .entry-meta { grid-column: auto; grid-row: auto; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; padding-top: 0; }
  .publication-list li > .venue-tag { margin: 0; }
}

@media (max-width: 460px) {
  .footer-inner { padding-block: 20px; align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px; }
}